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#use wml::debian::template title="Debian Releases"
#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/info"
<p>Debian always has at least
three releases in active maintenance: <q>stable</q>, <q>testing</q> and
<q>unstable</q>.</p>
<dl>
<dt><a href="stable/">stable</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <q>stable</q> distribution contains the latest officially
released distribution of Debian.
</p>
<p>
This is the production release of Debian, the one which we primarily
recommend using.
</p>
<p>
The current <q>stable</q> distribution of Debian is version
<:=substr '<current_initial_release>', 0, 2:>, codenamed <em><current_release_name></em>.
<ifeq "<current_initial_release>" "<current_release>"
"It was released on <current_release_date>."
/>
<ifneq "<current_initial_release>" "<current_release>"
"It was initially released as version <current_initial_release>
on <current_initial_release_date> and its latest
update, version <current_release>, was released on <current_release_date>."
/>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a href="testing/">testing</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <q>testing</q> distribution contains packages that haven't been
accepted into a <q>stable</q> release yet, but they are in the queue for
that. The main advantage of using this distribution is that it has more
recent versions of software.
</p>
<p>
See the <a href="$(DOC)/manuals/debian-faq/">Debian FAQ</a> for more information on
<a href="$(DOC)/manuals/debian-faq/ftparchives#testing">what is <q>testing</q></a>
and <a href="$(DOC)/manuals/debian-faq/ftparchives#frozen">how it becomes
<q>stable</q></a>.
</p>
<p>
The current <q>testing</q> distribution is <em><current_testing_name></em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a href="unstable/">unstable</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <q>unstable</q> distribution is where active development of
Debian occurs. Generally, this distribution is run by developers
and those who like to live on the edge. It is recommended that users
running unstable should subscribe to the debian-devel-announce
mailing list to receive notifications of major changes, for example
upgrades that may break.
</p>
<p>
The <q>unstable</q> distribution is always called <em>sid</em>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<h2>Release life cycle</h2>
<p>
Debian announces its new stable release on a regular basis. Users
can expect 3 years of full support for each release and 2 years
of extra LTS support.
</p>
<p>
See <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases">Debian Releases</a>
Wiki page and <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS">Debian LTS</a>
Wiki page for detailed information.
</p>
<h2>Index of releases</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="<current_testing_name>/">The next release of Debian is codenamed
<q><current_testing_name></q></a>
— <q>testing</q> — no release date has been set
</li>
<li><a href="bookworm/">Debian 12 (<q>bookworm</q>)</a>
— current <q>stable</q> release
</li>
<li><a href="bullseye/">Debian 11 (<q>bullseye</q>)</a>
— current <q>oldstable</q> release
</li>
<li><a href="buster/">Debian 10 (<q>buster</q>)</a>
— current <q>oldoldstable</q> release, under <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS">LTS support</a>
</li>
<li><a href="stretch/">Debian 9 (<q>stretch</q>)</a>
— archived release, under third-party paid <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/Extended">extended LTS support</a>
</li>
<li><a href="jessie/">Debian 8 (<q>jessie</q>)</a>
— archived release, under third-party paid <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS/Extended">extended LTS support</a>
</li>
<li><a href="wheezy/">Debian 7 (<q>wheezy</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="squeeze/">Debian 6.0 (<q>squeeze</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="lenny/">Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (<q>lenny</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="etch/">Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 (<q>etch</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="sarge/">Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (<q>sarge</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="woody/">Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 (<q>woody</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="potato/">Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (<q>potato</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="slink/">Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 (<q>slink</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
<li><a href="hamm/">Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 (<q>hamm</q>)</a>
— obsolete stable release
</li>
</ul>
<p>The web pages for the obsolete Debian releases are kept intact, but
the releases themselves can only be found in a separate
<a href="$(HOME)/distrib/archive">archive</a>.</p>
<p>See the <a href="$(HOME)/doc/manuals/debian-faq/">Debian FAQ</a> for an explanation of
<a href="$(HOME)/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ftparchives#sourceforcodenames">where
all these codenames came from</a>.</p>
<h2>Integrity of the data in the releases</h2>
<p>Data integrity is granted by a digitally signed <code>Release</code>
file. To ensure that all files in the release belong to it, checksums of
all <code>Packages</code> files are copied into the <code>Release</code>
file.</p>
<p>Digital signatures for this file are stored in the file
<code>Release.gpg</code>, using the current version of the archive signing
key. For <q>stable</q> and <q>oldstable</q> an additional signature is
generated using an offline key specifically generated for a release
by a member of the <a href="$(HOME)/intro/organization#release-team">\
Stable Release Team</a>.</p>
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