diff options
author | Thomas Lange <lange@debian.org> | 2023-09-09 03:09:18 +0530 |
---|---|---|
committer | Thomas Lange <lange@debian.org> | 2023-09-09 03:09:18 +0530 |
commit | ccfb1b20333db30672ca303cf8335ffd7b5b1d06 (patch) | |
tree | 1b64898ebf66bcd7c38a597f05817b35d4005150 /greek | |
parent | ad9b55234d895a320303caaef6991237d4904c1f (diff) |
remove outdated translations
we do not want to have translations for obsolete releases
Diffstat (limited to 'greek')
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/Makefile | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/credits.wml | 24 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/errata.wml | 115 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/index.wml | 79 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/installguide/Makefile | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/installguide/index.wml | 978 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/installmanual.wml | 43 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/releasenotes.wml | 39 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | greek/releases/potato/reportingbugs.wml | 25 |
9 files changed, 0 insertions, 1305 deletions
diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/Makefile b/greek/releases/potato/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index c26323c0c92..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -include $(subst webwml/greek,webwml/english,$(CURDIR))/Makefile diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/credits.wml b/greek/releases/potato/credits.wml deleted file mode 100644 index ed7b14da217..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/credits.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -- Credits (or Blame)" BARETITLE=true -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="d49333f670c2639f601fd741d3dd5f060de97e2b" maintainer="galaxico" - -<h2>Release management</h2> - -<p>This release of Debian was managed by Richard Braakman and Anthony Towns. - -<h2>Installation System</h2> - -<p>Many Debian developers, translators, documenters, testers, and -users have contributed to the development of the installation system --- too many to mention, in fact. Adam Di Carlo was the maintainer of -the boot-floppies during the period of the Potato release. Other -significant contributors can be found in the <code>Maintainers</code> -file of the <code>boot-floppies</code> package.</p> - -<p>Thanks to Bill Bennet, The ComputerHelperGuy, for his donation of -Potato <a href="http://www.chguy.net/potato.html">official CDs</a> to -the Debian boot-floppies team.</p> - -<h2>The rest of Debian</h2> - -<p>The developers and everyone else -who contributed.</p> diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/errata.wml b/greek/releases/potato/errata.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 6a05b66204d..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/errata.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,115 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -- Errata" BARETITLE=true -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="534d1b782cfb92f46dc41fd064f779fffc329b12" maintainer="galaxico" - -<p><strong>Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 has been obsoleted by -<a href="../woody/">Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 ("woody")</a>. -Security updates are discontinued as of June 30th, 2003.</strong> -Please see -<a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2003/debian-devel-announce-200302/msg00010.html">\ -the security team survey results</a> for more information.</p> - -<h2>Security issues</h2> - -<p>Debian security team issues updates to packages in the stable release -in which they've identified problems related to security. Please consult the -<a href="$(HOME)/security/">security pages</a> for information about -any security issues identified in `potato'.</p> - -<p>If you use APT, add the following line to <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> -to be able to access the latest security updates:</p> - -<pre> - deb http://security.debian.org/ potato/updates main contrib non-free -</pre> - -<p>After that, run <kbd>apt-get update</kbd> followed by -<kbd>apt-get upgrade</kbd>.</p> - -<h2>Point releases</h2> - -<p>Sometimes, in the case of several critical problems or security updates, the -released distribution is updated. Generally, these are indicated as point -releases.</p> - -<ul> - <li>The first point release, 2.2r1, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2000/20001114">November 14, 2000</a>.</li> - <li>The second point release, 2.2r2, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2000/20001205">December 3, 2000</a>.</li> - <li>The third point release, 2.2r3, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2001/20010417">April 17, 2001</a>.</li> - <li>The fourth point release, 2.2r4, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2001/20011105">November 5, 2001</a>.</li> - <li>The fifth point release, 2.2r5, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2002/20020110">January 10, 2002</a>.</li> - <li>The sixth point release, 2.2r6, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2002/20020403">April 3, 2002</a>.</li> - <li>The seventh point release, 2.2r7, was released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/2002/20020713">July 13, 2002</a>.</li> -</ul> - -<p> -See the <a href="http://archive.debian.org/debian/dists/potato/ChangeLog"> -ChangeLog</a> (and -<a href="http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/dists/potato/non-US/ChangeLog"> -ChangeLog for non-US</a>) for details on changes.</p> - -<p>Fixes to the released stable distribution often go through an -extended testing period before they are accepted into the archive. -However, these fixes are available in the -<a href="http://archive.debian.org/debian/dists/potato-proposed-updates/"> -dists/potato-proposed-updates</a> directory of any Debian archive -mirror (and on the same location at our -<a href="http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/dists/potato-proposed-updates/"> -non-US server</a> and its mirrors).</p> - -<p>If you use <tt>apt</tt> to update your packages, you can install -the proposed updates by adding the following line to -<tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>:</p> - -# These links should probably be localized in translated versions, -# if possible. -<pre> - \# proposed additions for a 2.2 point release - deb http://archive.debian.org dists/potato-proposed-updates/ - deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US dists/potato-proposed-updates/ -</pre> - -<p>After that, run <kbd>apt-get update</kbd> followed by -<kbd>apt-get upgrade</kbd>.</p> - -# someone please verify if this is still true for 2.2r3: -# -# <h2>Building CD images</h2> -# -# <p>People wishing to create custom CD images for 2.2r2 will need to use -# the CVS version of `debian-cd' and <strong>not</strong> the version currently -# installed in potato.</p> - -<h2>Unofficial Internationalized Installation Support</h2> - -<p>An internationalized version of the installation system for i386 is -available (https://people.debian.org/~aph/current-i18n/) for -testing and use. You need to use the 'idepci' or 'compact' flavors.</p> - -<p>Due to some remaining problems with the internationalized -installation system, it is unlikely to be included officially in a -Potato point release. We can only hope we can get it shaped up for <a -href="../woody/">woody</a>.</p> - - -<h2>Unofficial ReiserFS Support</h2> - -<p>There seem to be at least two unofficial versions of the -installation system for i386 supporting ReiserFS.</p> - -<p>One version is from John H. Robinson, IV, and is available with -some instructions at <a -href="http://chao.ucsd.edu/debian/boot-floppies/"> -http://chao.ucsd.edu/debian/boot-floppies/</a>.</p> - -<p>The other is from Marc A. Volovic and is available at -http://www.bard.org.il/~marc/linux/rfs/.</p> - - -<h2>Unofficial Linux Kernel 2.4 Support</h2> - -<p> -Adrian Bunk has provided a set of packages for i386 Potato systems -which provide compatibility for Linux Kernel 2.4.x. Please read <a -href="http://www.fs.tum.de/~bunk/kernel-24.html"> -http://www.fs.tum.de/~bunk/kernel-24.html</a> for instructions, -warnings, and lines to add to <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>.</p> diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/index.wml b/greek/releases/potato/index.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 88ffe68826a..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/index.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ('potato') Release Information" BARETITLE=yes -#use wml::debian::release -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/potato/release.data" -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/arches.data" -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/info" -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="552f9232b5d467c677963540a5a4236c824e87b9" maintainer="galaxico" - -<p>Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (a.k.a. Potato) was released on -<:=spokendate ("2000-08-14"):>. The latest point release of Debian 2.2 is -<current_release_potato>, released on <a href="$(HOME)/News/<current_release_newsurl_potato/>"><current_release_date_potato></a>.</p> - -<p><strong>Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 has been obsoleted by -<a href="../woody/">Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 ("woody")</a>. -Security updates are discontinued as of June 30th, 2003.</strong> -Please see -<a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2003/debian-devel-announce-200302/msg00010.html">\ -the security team survey results</a> for more information.</p> - -<p>For information on the major changes in this release, please refer -to the <a href="releasenotes">Release Notes</a> and to the official -<a href="$(HOME)/News/2000/20000815">press release</a>.</p> - -<p>Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 is dedicated to the memory of Joel "Espy" Klecker, a -Debian developer, unbeknownst to most of the Debian Project, was bedridden -and fighting a disease known as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy during most of -his involvement with Debian. Only now is the Debian Project realizing the -extent of his dedication, and the friendship he bestowed upon us. So as a -show of appreciation, and in memory of his inspirational life, this release -of Debian GNU/Linux is dedicated to him.</p> - -<p>Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 is available from the Internet or from CD -vendors, please see the <a href="$(HOME)/distrib/">Distribution -page</a> for more information on getting Debian.</p> - -<p>The following architectures are supported in this release:</p> - -<ul> -<: foreach $arch (@arches) { - print "<li><a href=\"$(HOME)/ports/$arch/\">$arches{$arch}</a>\n"; - } :> -</ul> - -<p>Before installing Debian, please read the <A HREF="installmanual">\ -Installation Manual</A>. The Installation Manual for your target -architecture contains instructions and links for all the files you need -to install. You might also be interested in the <a href="installguide/">\ -installation guide for Debian 2.2</a>, which is an on line tutorial.</p> - -<p>If you are using APT, you can use the following lines in your -<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file to be able to access potato -packages:</p> - -<pre> - deb http://archive.debian.org potato main contrib non-free - deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US potato/non-US main non-free -</pre> - -<p>Read the <code>apt-get</code>(8) and the <code>sources.list</code>(5) -manual pages for more information.</p> - -<p>Contrary to our wishes, there are some problems that exist in the -potato release, even though it is declared <em>stable</em>. We've made -<a href="errata">a list of the major known problems</a>, and you can -always <a href="reportingbugs">report other issues</a> to us.</p> - -<p>Data integrity is granted by a digitally signed <code>Release</code> file. -To ensure that all files in the release belong to it, MD5 checksums of all -<code>Packages</code> files are copied into the -<code>Release</code> file. Digital signatures for this file are -stored in the file <code>Release.gpg</code>, using this key: <a -href="https://ftp-master.debian.org/ziyi_key_2002.asc">\ -ftpmaster</a>.</p> - -<p>To verify the <code>Release</code> file, you'll have to fetch both -files and execute <code>gpg --verify Release.gpg Release</code> after -importing the keys it is signed with.</p> - -<p>Last but not least, we have a list of <a href="credits">people who take -credit</a> for making this release happen.</p> diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/installguide/Makefile b/greek/releases/potato/installguide/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index c26323c0c92..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/installguide/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -include $(subst webwml/greek,webwml/english,$(CURDIR))/Makefile diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/installguide/index.wml b/greek/releases/potato/installguide/index.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 19494139ec2..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/installguide/index.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,978 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Installing Debian Potato" NOCOPYRIGHT="yes" NOLANGUAGES="yes" -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="6f3adf6374f35194686f89dec2ba66b1ecf3bb5f" maintainer="galaxico" - -<H3>by Mark Stone</H3> - -<P><em><strong>Note</strong>: this is <strong>not</strong> the official -<A HREF="../installmanual">Installation manual for Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -(`potato')</A>.</em> - -<P>Hamm. Slink. Potato. Woody. No, you aren't watching "Toy Story". You've -encountered the lineage of Debian distributions. Whether your aim is to -expel the evil operating system Zurg from your computer, or find a way to -peacefully co-exist with it, you'll find that the current stable release of -Debian, aka Potato, is the easiest Debian to work with yet. - -<P>Traditionally Debian and Red Hat have contrasted as Linux distributions: -Red Hat is reputed to be easier to install, while Debian is reputed to be -easier to maintain and upgrade once installed. While that distinction still -holds true, Debian is now much easier to install. - -<P>We aren't going to take you through all the intricacies of Debian in -this article. What we are going to do is show you how to set up a dual boot -machine that will enable you to run either Windows or Debian GNU/Linux, and -we're going to show you how to do the kind of simple install a beginner -would want to play around with Linux and get a feel for how the system -works. - -<P>We're going to go through several stages here: - -<OL> - <LI>Documenting your system; - <LI>Preparing your hard drive; - <LI>Installing the base Debian system; - <LI>Selecting and installing packages; - <li>Configuring the system; - <li>A brief glimpse at Debian upgrading. -</ol> - -<P>Debian can be installed from floppy disks if absolutely necessary; we're -going to assume, however, that you have a Debian Potato CD. Debian can be -installed on a wide range of systems, from old 486 computers to modern -non-Intel architectures. A full install of every possible Debian package -would run several Gigs; some versions of Linux can fit on a single floppy. -The range of possibilities with Linux is wide. We're going to assume, -however, a typical profile. We'll assume that you have an existing machine -running Windows 98, with adequate hardware to do so. We'll assume you have a -current Pentium processor, at least 64 megs of RAM, video card that will -support true color in at least 1024x768, a CDROM drive, a modem, and an -ample hard drive (we'll use 10 Gig in this example). - -<P>Finally, we'll assume that you don't want to eliminate Windows just yet, -but want to set up your machine so that you can select either Windows or -Linux at start up, i.e. at boot time. This kind of setup is called a dual -boot machine. - -<P>Remember, no guide to installation covers everything. But remember also -you're not alone. The #linuxhelp irc channel on irc.freenode.net is an -excellent place to look for help, as is #linux.com-live! Be sure to check -Linux.com's Live! calendar for upcoming irc-based installfests. In fact, in -this article was made possible by the outstanding answers that came in over -IRC during the installfest done over IRC at LinuxWorld Conference and Expo -this past August. - -<h3>Documenting Your System</h3> - -<P>Linux does an excellent job these days of autoprobing your system to -determine what hardware you have, and what settings that hardware is -configured for. Sometimes, however, Linux does need help, and there are -occasions where you'll find that you have some component not yet supported -by Linux. To anticipate these contingencies, and to know what to do about -them, it's important to document exactly what you have on your machine. - -<P>Here's a suitable checklist of the various system components you'll want -to know about ahead of time: - -<table> - - <tr> - <th>Device</th> - <th>Information Needed</th> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Hard Drive(s)</td> - <td>Number, size, and type of each hard drive. Which hard drive is - recognized by your computer as first, second, and so on. Which adapter - type (IDE or SCSI) is used by each drive.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>RAM</td> - <td>The amount of installed RAM</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>CDROM Drive(s)</td> - <td>Which adapter type (IDE or SCSI) is used by each drive.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>SCSI Adapter (if any)</td> - <td>Make and model of the card.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Network Adapter (if any)</td> - <td>Make and model of the card.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Mouse</td> - <td>Type (PS/2, USB, serial, or bus). Protocol (Microsoft, Logitech, - MouseMan, etc.). If serial, the port to which it's connected.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Video Adapter</td> - <td>Make and model of the card. Amount of video RAM.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td>Monitor</td> - <td>Highest color depth and screen resolution the monitor supports - under Windows. Horizontal and vertical refresh rates.</td> - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td>Modem (if any)</td> - <td>If external, the serial port to which it's connected.</td> - </tr> - -</table> - - -<P>Windows can actually provide you with most of the information you need -about your system. Select Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> -System. You should see something like: - -<P><a href="deb.0201.png"><img src="deb.0201-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Most of the information you want will be found in the Device Manager. -Selecting that tab should bring up a window like this: - -<P><a href="deb.0202.png"><img src="deb.0202-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>This will show you which devices are installed on your system. Selecting -a device, and clicking on the "Properties" button will show you the -settings for that device. - -<h3>Preparing Your Hard Drive</h3> - -Bill Gates once said, "640k of RAM ought to be enough for anyone." It's -that kind of forward-looking view of the world that gives us a peculiar DOS -contrivance now turned into a useful tool: the disk partition. DOS, Windows -3.1, and even the initial release of Windows 95 had limitations on how much -hard drive space they could recognize. If a drive were larger than this -recognizable limit (2 Gigs under Windows 95, I believe), then the operating -system simply couldn't "see" the rest of the drive. - -<P>To work around this limitation, drives could be formatted into logically -separated segments, called partitions. Once formatted in this way, each -partition was treated by the operating system as if it were a separate hard -drive. Under Windows, if you started with hard drive C:, and partitioned -this, the first partition would appear as C:, and the second partition -would appear as D:. - -<P>We'll exploit this construct to leave one partition formatted as a -Windows partition, and to create a second partition formatted as a Linux -partition on which to install Debian GNU/Linux. - -<P>Windows 98 can recognize large disk sizes, so these days -most computers ship with a hard drive formatted as a single partition. This -means that you'll need to: - -<OL> - <LI>defragment your hard drive; - <li>resize the existing partition to fill only part of the drive, and - <LI>add a second partition on the newly freed up space. -</ol> - -<P>The trick is to resize your Windows partition without destroying any of -the data. This used to be an arduous task. These days it is fairly -straightforward using a simple tool called GNU Parted. Here's what we're -going to do: - -<OL> - <LI>Create a boot floppy disk containing the absolute minimal Linux - components needed to run Parted; - <LI>Boot your computer with this floppy disk; - <li>Run Parted to shrink your Windows partition; - <LI>Reboot the computer and start the Debian installation. -</ol> - -<P>Resizing your hard drive nondestructively will be easiest, and least -likely to cause problems, if you defragment your hard drive first. Windows -doesn't store all files in contiguous sectors on your disk. As a result, -files can end up scattered across a much larger portion of your hard drive -than the amount of drive space you're actually using. Defragmenting simply -packs all sectors being used as efficiently as possible onto the beginning -of your hard drive. - -<P>You can use Windows' native defragmenting tool by selecting Start -> -Programs -> Accessories -> System Utilities -> Disk Utilities. -More effective defragmentation programs come with utility suites like Norton -Utilities. - -<h3>Creating a Parted Boot Floppy</h3> - -<P>Initially, your hard drive will look something like this if you select -My Computer -> C: -> Properties: - -<P><a href="01win98.png"><img src="01win98-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>To create the Parted floppy, you'll need: - -<OL> - <LI>a blank floppy disk, - <LI>the Parted disk image, - <li>a program for writing raw files to disk called Rawrite. -</ol> - -<P>You can get the Parted disk image from <a -href="https://www.gnu.org/software/parted/">https://www.gnu.org/software/parted/</a>. -It's the file ending in the .img extension. There should be a copy of -Rawrite on your Debian CD. If you can't find it, you can always download it -from <a -href="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/tools/">ftp.debian.org/debian/tools/</a>. - -<P>When you run rawrite it will prompt you for the source file; give it the -path to where you've downloaded the Parted disk image. This will be -something like "C:\Windows\Desktop\parted.img". It will then prompt you for -the target location, meaning your floppy drive. Enter in "A:". - -<P>Now simply reboot your computer with this floppy disk in the drive. - -<h3>Running Parted</h3> - -<P>When this floppy boots, you'll see a lot of unfamiliar messages scroll -by that are a routine part of the Linux boot process. You'll eventually -come to a command line prompt, something reminiscent of running DOS, and -you'll see a message that says "You can run parted by typing 'parted -DEVICE' where device is the name of the drive you wish to partition." - -<P>Linux has a different naming scheme for disk drives. All devices, -including disk drives, are listed in a directory called "/dev". IDE hard -drives -- the most common type -- start with the letters "hd". The first -hard drive will be "a", the second "b", and so on. Each partition on a -drive gets a number, starting with "1". So Linux would refer to the first -partition on your first hard drive as "/dev/hda1", and would refer to the -whole first hard drive as "/dev/hda". - -<P>The command we're looking for, assuming you have an IDE drive, is: -parted /dev/hda. - -<P>This will bring you to a new command line with a prompt like this: - -<P><tt> (parted) </tt> - -<P>If you hit enter, type "?", or type "help" at this point, you'll get a -list of all the parted commands, like this: - -<P><a href="01parted.png"><img src="01parted-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Let's assume we want to shrink our partition down from 10 Gigs to, say, -4 Gigs. Then we want to resize minor partition number 1, starting at the -beginning, and ending at 4000. The command would look like this: - -<P><tt> (parted) resize 1 0 4000 </tt> - -<P>That's all you have to do. - -<P>You may see some warning messages appear when running parted that have -to do with either small discrepancies in the way Windows and Linux measure -disk size, or that have to do with moving Windows system files. In our -experience, these warnings can safely be ignored. - -<P>If you reboot your computer at this point, Windows 98 will come up just -as before, and all your programs and files will be intact. The only -difference you'll notice is that Windows now thinks it has a smaller hard -drive: - -<P><a href="06win98.png"><img src="06win98-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You're now ready to start installing Debian. - -<h3>Installing the Base Debian System</h3> - -<P>Most computers today have a BIOS configured to support bootable CDs. If -your computer supports bootable CDs, then all you need to do is insert the -Debian Potato CD in the drive, and reboot your computer. - -<P>If your computer does not support bootable CDs, then you'll need to -create a Debian boot floppy. You'll use the same Rawrite program you used -to create the parted floppy. You just need to point Rawrite at the Debian -boot floppy image instead. You'll find this on the Debian CD. The path -should be something like D:\foo. - -<P>Make sure your Debian CD is in the CDROM drive. Whether booting from the -CD, or a boot floppy, you should see a startup screen like this: - -<P><a href="11debian.png"><img src="11debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>At this point you can simply hit enter. Indeed, you'll be prompted on -several basic points about your system at the beginning of the install, for -which it's generally safe to select the default by hitting enter. - -<P>You'll find that Debian's install script uses a few simple conventions -for navigation. This is a curses-based installation script. That's a fancy -way of saying that the script uses the full screen, and has the concept of -a cursor, but not the concept of a mouse. "Curses" is the library within -Linux that provides this capability. On any given screen you can usually -navigate between selections by using the tab key, or the up or down arrow -keys. Hitting enter makes a particular selection. - -<P>You'll also find that Debian's install script will repeatedly ask you -what medium you want to install from, and which sources you want to install -from that medium. For purposes of this article, we will always be -installing from CD, and we will always be installing from the <b>stable -main archive</b>. If you find this repeated query for the same information -annoying, you're not alone. Just remember that this structure does give -Debian the capability to mix and match between install sources, a -flexibility you'll appreciate if you ever have to install without a CD. - -<P>Once you start the actual install, you'll see the Release Notes: - -<P><a href="09debian.png"><img src="09debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You'll be asked to select your keyboard type (English, QWERTY, most -likely): - -<P><a href="10debian.png"><img src="10debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>The first point where you'll have to provide more than default -information will be with partitioning. You'll be presented with the option -to partition a hard drive: - -<P><a href="11debian.png"><img src="11debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>What the heck is LILO? You'll wonder this at several points in the -install; this is the first point where this question comes up. LILO is the -"LInux LOader", the program that actually will be managing your computer's -boot process after Linux installation is complete. Boot loaders reside on -a special sector on the hard drive known as the Master Boot Record. Your -BIOS knows to pass control to whatever program is in the MBR when the BIOS -has finished with its tasks. It is up to the MBR program to know where to -find the boot code for the operating system on your hard drive. - -<P>We'll be replacing the Windows boot process with LILO. We do this -because the Windows boot process only knows how to boot Windows. LILO, on -the other hand, knows how to boot between any of several operating systems, -including both Linux and Windows. - -<P>So when asked if we want to make Linux bootable from the hard drive, or -when asked if we want to install LILO on the MBR, we'll always want to say -yes. - -<P>Debian's install will take you from here into a program called cfdisk. -cfdisk, like parted, is used for creating partitions. cfdisk's command line -interface even looks somewhat like parted: - -<P><a href="13debian.png"><img src="13debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You'll need to create two partitions. One of these will be a regular -Linux partition, on which Debian will be installed. The other will be a -swap partition. A swap partition simple means disk space to which -information stored in RAM can be temporarily moved when the system needs to -free up RAM. Think of it as using the hard drive as an emergency RAM -supplement. - -<P>Create the swap partition first, and put it after the Windows partition -on your disk. In cfdisk this means using the arrow keys to move the cursor -down to the area marked free space, and then using the tab key to move -through the commands at the bottom of the screen until you reach the "new" -command. Then hit enter. - -<P>This will bring up a menu of file system types, where each entry on the -menu has a name and hexadecimal number associated with it. You select a -file system type by entering the appropriate hexadecimal number. Note that -the menu is actually two screens long, and that you can get to the second -screen by hitting the space bar. Linux swap is on the second screen, and -has number 82 associated with it: - -<P><a href="15debian.png"><img src="15debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Asking two Linux gurus what size to make a swap partition is akin to -asking a Red Sox and a Yankees fan what the best team in baseball is. -Religious wars have started over less contentious topics. Our opinion, and -we know that other views vary, is that your swap space should be twice the -amount of RAM you have up to a maximum of 128 Megs of swap. So if your -computer has 128 Megs of RAM, make swap 128 Megs. If your computer has 32 -Megs of RAM, make swap 64 Megs. And so on. - -<P>Once you've added the swap partition, you'll need to again toggle down -to the free space listing, and select new. Now you'll be creating a regular -Linux partition (hex number 83) to fill the remainder of your hard drive. - -<P>Once you've created these new partitions, you need to explicitly write -the partition table to your hard drive. Otherwise, these changes will not -take effect. So write the partition table, and then exit cfdisk. - -<P>You'll be returned to the Debian install script. You'll be asked if you -want to initialize a swap partition, and you should say yes. - -<P>You'll then be asked if you want to initialize a Linux partition. You -should say yes. This means that you're going to create a directory on the -file system where your Linux partition where be mounted, in other words a -directory where information on that partition can be accessed. You'll want -to make this the root directory: "/". You'll be asked about 2.0 file system -compatibility. The choice is not critical here, but unless you're -upgrading an older Linux system, there's no reason to worry about -maintaining older compatibility: - -<P><a href="19debian.png"><img src="19debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>When the install script initializes a partition, it will ask you if you -want to perform a bad block scan. This is basically a physical check of the -disk surface for areas that are damaged or otherwise unusable. There -shouldn't be any, and a block scan will probably be the most time consuming -step in the install process, especially on a large hard drive. You should -do this scan anyway. Performing this one time at setup will enable Linux to -write data only to safe areas of the disk in the future. It's a one-time -hassle with a lot of benefit. - -<P>Notice that Debian generally presents you with a default choice for next -step in the install process, and an alternate choice. We'll almost always -be selecting the defaults. Once you've initialized your Linux partition, -however, we want to select an alternative: mount a previously initialized -partition. - -<P>Linux is capable of reading and writing information in the Windows VFAT -file system format. This means that we can access information on the -Windows partition of the hard drive even when we're running Linux. But to -facilitate this capability, we'll need to initialize the Windows partition. - -<P>So select "mount a previously initialized partition" and create a -directory name where your Windows partition will be accessed. A name like -"/win98" or "/windows" will do just fine. - -<P>You'll now need to install the operating system kernel and modules. For -a great many systems you'll be able to simply select the defaults here. -We're assuming a CD install: - -<P><a href="22debian.png"><img src="22debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Configuring device driver modules will be necessary if you have a -network card, a sound card, a printer, or other devices besides the base -hardware of your system. For example, if you want printer support, you'll -find the printer module under miscellaneous modules. You'd select -miscellaneous, scroll down the module list until you see "lp", and select -that module to be installed. You'll be prompted to enter parameters, but -for most modules the parameters can be auto-detected, so no parameters need -be entered. You should see an "installation succeeded" message, in which -case you can return to the modules menu and install other modules as -needed. - -<P>If you get an "installation failed" message you'll need to look up the -<b>I/O memory address</b> and <b>IRQ settings</b> for that device in your -system. This information should be on the checklist you prepared ahead of -time. You might find, for example, that to get a particular ethernet card -recognized you need to explicitly enter in something like: - -<P><tt> io=0x280 irq=7 </tt> - -<P>Configuring and tuning your kernel and modules, though, is an intricate -process you'll probably want to investigate after you have your system up -and running. It's beyond the scope of this article, but it is a topic we -cover in depth elsewhere. In fact, it was the subject of our Linux.com -Live! event at Atlanta Linux Showcase this fall. - -<P>The install script next presents you with a simple menu to select the -time zone in which you reside. - -<P>You'll next be asked whether you want to set your system clock to local -time or Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT). Windows has difficulty understanding -GMT, so on a dual boot machine you'll probably want to select local time. -The exception to this would be on a laptop, where you'll have problems -keeping the clock straight in suspend mode unless you use GMT. - -<P>The install script will then present you with some options about how to -set up the boot configurations for your computer. We're assuming this will -be a dual boot machine with LILO managing the boot process that will let -you choose between booting Windows and Linux. Dual boot can be handled in -other ways, but this is the most straightforward approach. So have LILO -installed on the Master Boot Record for the hard drive, not just the boot -sector for the partition. - -<P>You'll be asked whether or not you want to make a boot floppy disk. This -is a good precaution, even though you'll normally be booting directly from -the hard drive. In the event of problems -- we've seen Norton Antivirus -treat LILO as a virus, for example -- you'll be able to boot the system and -make corrections using the boot floppy. - -<P>The system will reboot at this point. Be sure to remove your Debian CD -before reboot, or the install script will start over from the beginning. - -<P>Linux is a secure, multi-user operating system. This means that you must -explicitly log on to the system to use it, and you must do so as a -particular user (no, you cannot do the Windows trick of simply hitting the -escape key when confronted with a user name/password logon prompt). -Different users on a Linux system have different privileges. One user, the -"root" user, has all privileges, while end users have more restricted -capabilities. End user accounts are typically set up to enable users to run -programs, view and edit files, but to deny users the ability to modify -system configurations or install new programs that would have system wide -impact. - -<P>This stage of the installation script will take you through the basics -of setting up users and password security. At a minimum you must create the -root user. We strongly advise that you log in as root only when you have -system maintenance to perform. You should create an ordinary end user -account that you will use for your daily activity. Not only will this make -your system more secure, but it will spare you the flames and taunting of -more experienced Linux users who cringe every time they see "root@" in an -email header or IRC host. - -<P>Originally Unix passwords were stored encrypted in a plain text file -readable by anyone (this is /etc/passwd on your system). Today Linux relies -on further levels of encryption to ensure password security. You'll be -prompted about two possible such systems to use. MD5 is one: - -<P><a href="30debian.png"><img src="30debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Shadow passwords is the other: - -<P><a href="31debian.png"><img src="31debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Our personal preference is to use shadow passwords and not MD5, but -opinions on this matter vary widely. The main point is that you should -install at least one of these two. - -<P>You'll next be asked to choose a password for the root user: - -<P><a href="32debian.png"><img src="32debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>The screen will not display what you type, but you will be prompted to -retype it in order to verify that you typed what you think you did. - -<P>Proper password selection is another of those topics that can inspire -debates of near religious fanaticism among Linux users. Bear in mind that -most PCs today are easily capable of grinding through every word in the -dictionary, or even a combination of two or three words, in an automated -process of password guessing. Chain together several PCs working on a -security exploit, or a more powerful computer, and devising an unguessable -password becomes a serious challenge. - -<P>There are some simple guidelines to follow. Unlike some passwords, Linux -passwords are case sensitive. Use this to your advantage, and include a mix -of upper and lower case characters. You can -- and should -- also include -numbers and punctuation. The result should be something that does not -contain any English language words, but should also be something you can -easily remember, and that someone who knows you could not readily guess. - -<P>Here are a couple of examples: - -<UL> - <LI>If you had a dog named "Rascal" who lived to be 12 years old, you - might combine the name and age, substituting "@" for the letter "a", and - modifying the capitalization, to get something like "r@sc@L12" as a - password. - <LI>If you met your wife on a vacation in Paris in 1996, you might join - "Paris" and "96" with a smiley, only spelling Paris backwards, to get - something like this: "siraP:)96" -</ul> - -<P>You'll next be prompted to create an ordinary user account: - -<P><a href="33debian.png"><img src="33debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>We strongly recommend that you do this. You should use the same security -guidelines in selecting a user password as you do in selecting a root -password, and do not make them the same password. - -<P>You'll next be prompted about the need for PCMCIA modules: - -<P><a href="34debian.png"><img src="34debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You'll need this only if you're doing a laptop install <i>and</i> your -CDROM drive is attached to the laptop via a PCMCIA card. - -<h3>Selecting and Installing Packages</h3> - -<P>An operating system is nothing without applications to run on top of it. -Debian applications are stored in packages that contain information -necessary for the Debian package management system, dpkg, to keep track of -all the packages and package dependencies on your system. - -<P>The front end to dpkg is a program called apt. Apt needs to know a -little about what you want to install, and from where. So you'll be asked -to select the install source for apt: - -<P><a href="35debian.png"><img src="35debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Apt is a vital part of any Debian system, and a device you'll grow to -appreciate as your system evolves. You'll note that one of the options for -apt configuration is http. This will enable you to point apt at the Debian -website, and, assuming you're connected to the Internet at the time, -install or update a package simply by issuing the "apt-get install" or -"apt-get upgrade" command. The rest of the process should, and usually -does, work seamlessly in the background. - -<P>For now, however, you'll want to direct apt at your CDROM drive as the -source for packages. Once we've completed installation and made a couple -of modifications at the end, you can reconfigure apt to point to a Debian -website mirror, giving you an easy online method for upgrading and -modifying your system. - -<P>You'll next be asked to choose between simple and advanced -configurations: - -<P><a href="36debian.png"><img src="36debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Especially if you are new to Linux, but even if you are new to just -Debian, you really want to pick "simple". The simple installation means -you'll be doing somewhat more work with apt after installation to add -additional packages or remove some unwanted ones, but this is a relatively -minor amount of additional overhead. The "advanced" install will take you -directly to Debian's older install method, dselect. Unless you enjoy -scanning through several thousand package descriptions using an obtuse text -based interface, we recommend you avoid dselect. - -<P>The simple install takes you to a menu that lets you select groups of -related packages to install: - -<P><a href="37debian.png"><img src="37debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You can get an exact listing of the packages selected by moving the -cursor to a package group and entering "i". This brings up an informational -screen with a more detailed description of the group, and a listing of each -package in the group. - -<P>We recommend selecting any package associated with Gnome, and any -package associated with the X Window System. This will give you an -easy-to-use graphical workstation with great Internet capabilities, which -is exactly what most users are looking for. - -<P>Traditionally one of the most challenging parts of Linux installation -has been the X Window System, usually referred to simply as X. X is what -frees you from the command line and gives you a modern graphical interface -in which to work. Getting X to function properly, however, requires proper -configuration to coordinate your video card with your monitor. - -<P>These days X configuration is a greatly simplified task. Indeed, if you -have a graphics card well supported by Linux, and a well-documented -monitor, then Debian's configuration tool, anXious, should be able to walk -you through the process with no trouble: - -<P><a href="38debian.png"><img src="38debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>With a 17" or greater monitor, and a recent video card, you should be -able to achieve very high resolutions (perhaps 1600 x 1200 pixels) and true -color depth (32 bits per pixel, or bpp). Don't be disappointed if you can't -tune your system to this level of performance initially, however. You'll -get a usable amount of screen real estate and high quality screen color if -you can get 1024 x 768 pixels, and 16 bpp. - -<P>X configuration is a subtle and complex topic, one worthy of an article -in its own right. We'll be bringing you that article soon. Here we'll walk -you through the steps involved if you know what video card and monitor you -have, you know the settings for your monitor, and both are well-supported -under Linux. - -<P>AnXious will probe for your video card, and report what it finds. It -will then ask you to install fonts. Unless you're short on disk space, -install both 75dpi and 100dpi fonts. You'll be asked about a terminal -emulator. The default choice of xterm should be fine, and in fact you won't -need a terminal program for the balance of this installation. - -<P>By itself, X does very little other than provide the capability to -render graphics on screen. The actual drawing of windows, menus, and icons, -and the management of those graphical objects, is done by a program called -a window manager. A simple but popular choice is Window Maker, indicated on -the install script here by wmaker. We'll assume you've made that selection -later in this article. - -<P>Many Linux users boot their systems directly to the command line -interface, and go to X only as needed. This may be a bit of a shock for -Windows users used to a full time graphical environment. We recommend, -therefore, that you install xdm, the X Display Manager, which will start X -automatically for you and bring you to a graphical logon prompt when you -start the system. - -<P>You'll next be prompted for mouse type. The most common type today is -PS/2, and unless you know otherwise, that's probably what you should enter. -If your mouse has only two buttons, you can opt for three button emulation. -This will make holding both buttons down simultaneously emulate the effects -of clicking on a third button. - -<P>If you've selected PS/2 as your mouse type, then the Linux device for -that will be /dev/psaux. You should enter this information when prompted. - -<P>Probably you have a standard US keyboard, and should enter that -selection accordingly. - -<P>You're next going to be prompted for several pieces of information about -your monitor and video card. Be sure you have that documentation handy, and -enter accordingly. For vertical and horizontal synch ranges, pick the range -that most closely fits your specs, or select "custom" and enter the exact -range from your monitor documentation. Enter in the appropriate memory -value for your card. You're unlikely to need a clockchip setting with -today's video cards, so enter "none" at this prompt, and at the next prompt -do not probe for clock settings. - -<P>You should try to set the default color depth to 32 bpp, as this will -give you "true color" (to use the Windows term) graphics. You'll want a -default resolution of at least 1024x768, and should probably pick a higher -resolution. Note that if your computer can't actually support the color -depth and resolution you select, it will opt out to the highest supported -settings it can find. So a bit of guesswork here won't do you any harm. -Just make sure that 1024x768, 800x600, and 640x480 are selected as -"supported resolutions". - -<P>You'll next be prompted to create the X configuration file. If all has -gone well, X should be successfully configured and ready to install at this -point, with Window Maker set up as your default window manager. - -<P>At this point the install script has all the information it needs to -begin setting up your system. There are a couple of package specific -configuration questions you'll be asked, but at this stage your computer -will begin churning away at package installation: - -<P><a href="39debian.png"><img src="39debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>This process will take anywhere from ten minutes to an hour or more, -depending on the speed of your processor, amount of RAM, and available swap -space. A machine of recent Pentium vintage with at least 64 Megs of RAM -should be able to complete this stage in less than half an hour. - -<P>You'll be prompted to answer a few questions along the way, and the only -series of questions that requires anything other than the default answer is -mail configuration. Debian uses a program called exim as its default mail -handler. To understand the significance of these questions, you'll need to -understand a little about how email works. - -<P>Email requires three separate functions: it must be <b>transferred</b> -from the system of origin to the destination; it must be <b>distributed</b> -on the destination system to the correct user; and it must be <b>viewed</b> -by an email client. Some programs perform more than one of these functions. -Netscape, for example, can be not only an email client, but also used to -retrieve mail from a server, meaning it can do some of the transfer and -distribution work. Linux has several programs, like Fetchmail and -Popclient, that can also be used to retrieve mail, and numerous email -clients, like Elm, Pine, and Mutt. Most clients (Pine is the exception) -need to know of a mail server when sending mail that they can hand mail off -to for transfer. Typically your ISP has such a server and provides you -information about using it when you sign up for your dial-up account. - -<P>Exim is a mail transfer agent. It knows how to transfer mail to, and -receive mail from, another mail server. It also knows how to distribute -mail to users on a system. While exim isn't strictly necessary on a Debian -machine connected to the Internet by dial-up, it nonetheless makes a useful -backup for an ISP's shortcomings, and it helps when other programs you -might install assume you have a functioning mail transfer agent installed. -So setting up exim isn't absolutely required, but it is a very good idea. - -<P>You'll be presented with five general choices for exim configuration. -Note that option 2 says "this is probably what you want for a dialup -machine." Select this option. - -<P>For visible mail name, other names, relaying, IPv6 support, and RBL -support you can simply choose the defaults. - -<P>You'll be prompted for a smart host. This is your ISP's mail server. If -your ISP is "foo", this will probably be something like smtp.foo.com, or -mail.foo.com. - -<P>For postmaster-mail enter "none". This is not an ideal choice, but until -you're more familiar with Debian it will spare you from having your mailbox -filled with arcane system mail. - -<P>You'll be asked to confirm the choices you've made. That's it. The rest -of package installation should proceed without a hitch until you're -prompted about X servers. Say "no" to the vga server as the default, and -"yes" to the svga server as the default. - -<P>When you see the message "Press enter to continue" you've completed -package installation. - - -<h3>Configuring the System</h3> - -<P>What do you do now? - -<P>Relax. You've now completed your installation of Debian. You have a -fully functioning version of Debian GNU/Linux on your computer. Of course -you have a little configuring left to do, to make the system do the things -you want. Specifically, we're assuming that this is a dual boot system to -be connected to the Internet by dial-up. So we'll need to configure the -boot process to recognize Windows and give you a choice of boot options. -And we'll need to set up and configure a dial-up program so you can connect -to your ISP. The latter will also give us a look at how package -installation and upgrade works. - -<P>What you're being presented with is a login prompt. Normally you'd log -in as an ordinary user to do routine tasks. Right now, however, we want to -perform system maintenance, so you should log in with user name "root" and -the root password you selected during installation. - -<P>System configuration in Linux is accomplished using plain text files. -Most of these files reside in the /etc directory. Tinkering with -configuration is a matter of editing these files, which means you'll have -to familiarize yourself with a text editor. For experienced Linux users, -this usually means settling on one of the venerable workhorse editing -programs, either emacs or vi. Experienced Linux users also get comfortable -using a terminal window and working from the command line. A terminal -window, such as xterm, eterm, or gnome-terminal, opens up a window to the -command line interface within X's graphical environment. Think of it as -like opening up a DOS shell in Windows. - -<P>Beginners, however, may want something a little simpler. In fact you can -accomplish all the basic system management tasks you're likely to need to -do with just three very familiar-looking tools: GMC, Gnome-run, and -Gnotepad. - -<P>Most Windows users are familiar with point and click graphical editors, -and Linux has these too. If you've followed all the install steps up to -this point, you should have the Gnotepad editor installed; it will present -an interface very much like Windows Wordpad or Notepad. - -<P>Most Windows users are also familiar with the "run" box off of the -Windows "Start" menu. This opens up a dialog box that lets you run a single -Windows command. Gnome-run provides this same capability within X. - -<P>Finally, most Windows users are familiar with Windows Explorer as a -simple point-and-click file navigation program. GMC provides this same -style of interface as a file manager within X. - -<P>Available programs under X can be accessed from a menu, just as in -Windows. Instead of anchoring that menu to a "start" button, however, -you'll access the menu by pointing the cursor at the desktop and clicking -once with the right mouse button. - -<P>Under Apps -> Tools you'll find GMC. Under XShells you'll find -gnome-run. Once GMC is running, you can edit a file by putting the cursor -over the icon for that file, clicking once on the right mouse button, -selecting "open with" from the resulting menu, and then selecting gnotepad -from the application list. - -<P>To set up your system for dual boot, run GMC. Select the folder marked -"etc" and find the file icon for a file called "lilo.conf" in the right -hand window of GMC: - -<P><a href="63debian.png"><img src="63debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>Right click on this icon, and select "copy" from the menu. This should -bring up a dialog box with "/etc" in it. Append this to read -"/etc/lilo.old", and click OK. - -<P>You've now made a backup copy of lilo.conf, the configuration file that -LILO uses to determine how to boot your system. This is an important step. -We're about to modify that file, and should anything go wrong, you can -restore the original version from backup. - -<P>Now once again find the lilo.conf icon and right click on it. This time -select "open with" and select Gnotepad from the application list. This -will open up lilo.conf for editing in Gnotepad: - -<P><a href="65debian.png"><img src="65debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>What we have to do is actually quite simple. We need to instruct LILO to -prompt us for a choice of operating systems, and we need to add a system -entry for Windows. The first part we accomplish by adding a line that -simply says "prompt" at the top of the lilo.conf file. - -<P>You'll note a line that says "default=linux". This means that the Linux -boot sequence has been labelled Linux, and is the default if no other -action is taken when LILO starts up. We need to label an alternative for -Windows, and tell LILO where to find Windows on your hard drive. We can do -that with two lines. Assuming you have an IDE hard drive, the two lines -would be: - -<pre> -other=/dev/hda1 - label=win -</pre> - -<P>This setup means that when LILO initiates the boot process it will give -you a prompt like this "LILO:". It will then wait for you to type in either -"linux" or "win" and will boot either Linux or Windows accordingly. - -<P>Once you've made these additions to lilo.conf you should save these -changes and exit Gnotepad. You now have one more vital step to take. - -<P>Changing lilo.conf is all very well and good, but you must also alert -LILO that its configuration file has changed. You can do this by opening up -gnome-run, typing "lilo" into the dialog box, and then selecting run. -Unless you have a perverse desire to learn about Linux rescue disks, you -must run lilo to update changes every time you make a change to lilo.conf: - -<P><a href="66debian.png"><img src="66debian-mini.jpg"></a> - -<P>You now have a dual boot system set up. - -<h3>A Brief Glimpse at Debian Upgrading</h3> - -<P>Linux offers an abundance of dial-up programs. One of the most robust -and easiest to use is a program called wvdial. If you've followed all our -steps so far, wvdial is not yet installed on your system. You're just a -couple of short steps away from having it installed and configured, and -having an Internet-ready Debian system. - -<P>Put your Debian CD in the CDROM drive. Then open gnome-run, and enter -"apt-get install wvdial". Open gnome-run again, and enter "wvdialconf". -You've now installed wvdial, and set up a basic configuration file for it. - -<P>You'll need to adjust the base configuration file. In GMC, find the file -/etc/wvdial.conf. Open this file with Gnotepad. You'll see that it has -lines for phone number, user name, and password. You'll need to enter in -your ISP's dial-up number here, the user name your ISP has assigned you, -and the password your ISP has assigned you. Then save the file and exit. - -<P>You should now be able to connect to your ISP simply by opening -gnome-run and typing in "wvdial". - -<P>Right now your Debian system is set up to recognize the Debian CD as its -source for installation and upgrade. For the time being, as you learn your -way around Debian, that's probably fine. If you discover a new package you -want to install, just pop in the CD and run "apt-get install" followed by -the package name. - -<P>At some point, though, you'll want to start upgrading to more recent -versions than the CD provides. This means grabbing updates off the Debian -website. First, you need to get apt to recognize the Debian website as its -source. - -<P>In GMC, find the file /etc/apt/sources.list and open it with Gnotepad. -You'll notice a number of lines in this file that begin with "#". This is -the conventional symbol in Linux for a comment statement, in other words a -statement that is human-readable but machine-ignored. If you live in the -U.S., you'll want to remove the "#" from the beginning of this line: - -<P><tt> #deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free </tt> - -<P>If you live outside the U.S. you'll want to remove the "#" from the -beginning of this line: - -<P><tt> #deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free </tt> - -<P>In either case you may now add a "#" to the beginning of the line that -begins "deb cdrom". - -<P>Now to install packages, you'll need to be connected to the Internet. -Otherwise, the procedure is the same: run "apt-get install [package]". - -<P>To upgrade packages, you'll need to do a couple of things. Periodically, -you'll want to run the command "apt-get update". This will update your -system database about what the current versions of packages are. You can -then upgrade a package whenever you're connected to the Internet by simply -running "apt-get upgrade [package]". - -<P>Congratulations. You've successfully entered the community of Debian -users. It's a rich and complex world, but it has much to offer, and you -now have the tools to safely explore it on your own. - -<hr> - -<P>About the author: Mark Stone is Director of Developer Services at <A -href="http://www.osdn.com">OSDN</A>, the Open Source Development Network. -He is a self-proclaimed Red Hat user, but is beginning to think that Debian -just might have met his standards for ease of use. - -<P>This article is made available under the terms of the <A -href="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/">Open Publication License</A>. -You are encouraged to comment on it, and to make your comments available -for future versions of this article. Like software, documents serve the -community best when they are open and living documents. - -<P>Version: Thu, 19 Oct 2000 09:32:57am - -<P>Thanks to Mark Stone for letting us publish this article on our web -site. The original article can be found at <A -href="http://www.linux.com/firststep/installguide/debian/">Linux.com</A>. - -# The author Mark Stone <mstone@valinux.com> says: -# Please let me know any corrections that come in, or places where someone -# feels motivated to add more detail to certain parts. I'd like to see this -# guide grow and improve. - diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/installmanual.wml b/greek/releases/potato/installmanual.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 069f0c67068..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/installmanual.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -- Installation Manual" BARETITLE=true -#use wml::debian::release -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/potato/release.data" -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/arches.data" -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="0a158377b74b807d40736c5de7ac54c071d55714" maintainer="galaxico" - -<p>Installation instructions, along with downloadable files, are broken -out by architecture:</p> - -<ul> -<:= &permute_as_list('install', 'Installation Manual'); :> -</ul> - -<p>If you have set your browser's localization -properly, you can use the above link to get the right HTML version -automatically -- see <a href="$(HOME)/intro/cn">content negotiation</a>. -Otherwise, pick the exact architecture, language, and format you want -from the table below.</p> - -<div class="centerdiv"> -<table class="reltable"> -<tr> - <th align="left"><strong>Architecture</strong></th> - <th align="left"><strong>Format</strong></th> - <th align="left"><strong>Languages</strong></th> -</tr> -<: &permute_as_matrix('install', keys %langsinstall); :> -</table> -</div> - -<p>These web pages will be updated with new versions of the Installation -Manual for potato as they become available.</p> - -<p>A lot of effort has been put into the Debian Installation Manual, -however some parts of it still need work. This particularly applies to some of the -non-English translations. If you wish to contribute changes, contact -the <a href="mailto:debian-boot@lists.debian.org">debian-boot</a> -mailing list. You can browse the documentation sources (which are in -DebianDoc SGML) via the <a -href="http://cvs.debian.org/boot-floppies/documentation/">ViewCVS -interface</a> or check them out -<a href="http://cvs.debian.org/~checkout~/boot-floppies/README-CVS?tag=HEAD&content-type=text/plain"> -using CVS</a>.</p> diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/releasenotes.wml b/greek/releases/potato/releasenotes.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 76e2f06b716..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/releasenotes.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -- Release Notes" BARETITLE=true -#use wml::debian::release -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/potato/release.data" -#include "$(ENGLISHDIR)/releases/arches.data" -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="0a158377b74b807d40736c5de7ac54c071d55714" maintainer="galaxico" - -<p>To find out what's new in Debian 2.2, see the Release Notes for your -architecture:</p> - -<ul> -<:= &permute_as_list('release-notes/', 'Release Notes'); :> -</ul> - -<p>The Release Notes for architectures that were previously released -also contain instructions for users who are upgrading from prior -releases.</p> - -<p>If you have set your browser's localization -properly, you can use the above link to get the right HTML version -automatically -- see <a href="$(HOME)/intro/cn">content negotiation</a>. -Otherwise, pick the exact architecture, language, and format you want -from the table below.</p> - -<div class="centerdiv"> -<table class="reltable"> -<tr> - <th align="left"><strong>Architecture</strong></th> - <th align="left"><strong>Format</strong></th> - <th align="left"><strong>Languages</strong></th> -</tr> -<: &permute_as_matrix('release-notes', keys %langsrelnotes); :> -</table> -</div> - -<p>A <a href="http://master.debian.org/~lapeyre/reports/">detailed -report</a> is available which describes packages which have changed -for the <:= $arches{'i386'} :>, <:= $arches{'alpha'} :>, -<:= $arches{'sparc'} :>, and <:= $arches{'m68k'} :> architectures -during the last two releases.</p> diff --git a/greek/releases/potato/reportingbugs.wml b/greek/releases/potato/reportingbugs.wml deleted file mode 100644 index 916bfb170ba..00000000000 --- a/greek/releases/potato/reportingbugs.wml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#use wml::debian::template title="Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 -- Reporting Problems" BARETITLE=true -#use wml::debian::translation-check translation="ad4e7dbff975f92d28a640c88f8742a0b9ede983" maintainer="galaxico" - -<p>If you have a problem with the installation system, please report -bugs against the <tt>boot-floppies</tt> package. Information you -should submit with your report is discussed in the -<a href="i386/ch-rescue-boot#s-boot-troubleshooting">Installation -Manual</a>.</p> - -<p>If you have suggestions or corrections for the -<a href="installmanual">Installation Manual</a>, you should also file those -as bugs against the <tt>boot-floppies</tt>, which is the package in -which that documentation is maintained.</p> - -<p>If you have issues with the installation system which aren't -appropriate for a bug (e.g., you're not sure if it's truly a bug or -not, the offending piece of the system is unclear, etc.) you should -probably send an email to the mailing list, -<a href="mailto:debian-boot@lists.debian.org">\ -<debian-boot@lists.debian.org></a>.</p> - -<p>If you have problems with the system after installation, you should -try to track down the offending package and -<a href="$(HOME)/Bugs/Reporting">file a bug</a> against that -package.</p> |